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Roberto Romano Conhecimento para todos |
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Fala "traduzida"um tanto ...para o inglês no site do Fronteiras:
It’s always pointed out, indicated,
0:06
in an elitist way,
an intellectualist way of Lights.
0:12
And, in fact,
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at least this Diderotian stream,
0:19
tried to retake and radicalize
Bacon’s project.
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Bacon has
0:28
an idea of democratization of knowledge,
which is not particular of PSTU
0:33
or PSOL, so it’s
an interesting thing.
0:36
He says:
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to make an absolutely perfect circle,
to draw a perfect circle,
0:44
it is necessary that the individual is a genius,
and that he has fantastic body virtuosity.
0:50
But if you have the compass,
0:55
the perfect circle is made
by millions of people.
0:58
So, the perfect circle, instead of being
the summit, is the base for continuing.
1:05
This is a very interesting democratization
and, he says, the method
1:10
of Philosophy and in Science
is precisely the compass,
1:15
the organon,
the instrument
1:17
to help establishing a minimum
degree for most of mankind.
1:22
And afterwards, those which are
the most daring, the deepest,
1:26
proceed with the project of improvement
of knowledge and arts.
1:31
So, in this direction,
1:36
the thought of Lights,
especially the Diderot line,
1:40
is democratic in a different way
to Rousseau’s.
1:44
Because, for Rousseau,
given his identification
1:48
with the degradation of humanity
with technique, with painting,
1:53
with art in general
and with politics,
1:57
he refuses to take
this human production
2:03
as something good.
2:05
And Diderot’s perspective
is precisely the opposite.
2:09
So, if you want Democracy,
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if you want a Republic,
2:15
you need the population
not to be guided
2:19
half a dozen intellectuals,
2:21
or half a dozen priests
or half a dozen statesmen.
2:25
You need the population to take
its destine into their hands.
2:28
In the plan of University for Russia,
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he mentions the case
of the Reformation.
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And the Reformation enable
reading for peasants.
2:41
At the moment it enabled reading,
it has also enabled rudimental arithmetic.
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At the moment the peasants
had rudimental arithmetic,
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they became hated by the Junkers,
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because they bought cheap land,
cheap products, etc.
2:56
Once the peasants could calculate,
that was too much.
3:00
So, he says, you need to extend that.
3:04
You need to create some kind of catechism
of civic values for people.
3:10
And it’s from this inspiration
that comes the idea
3:14
of propagating this
as much as possible.
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You see, it’s different
from the idea of publishing.
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It’s not publishing cheap.
3:24
It’s not making a little magazine
that is released
3:27
in the newsstand mistakenly explaining
Physics or Chemistry. No.
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It’s to amplify as much as possible
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people’s capability of acquiring
knowledge, dominating it.
3:39
Knowledge that,
3:40
in the plan of University, he says,
there is no specialized University.
3:47
If we gave the task of creating
a University to a mathematician,
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he would make everything towards Math,
if we gave the task to a priest,
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everything would be towards Theology.
3:57
If we gave it to a lawyer,
it would face Law.
4:00
No. The University is a place where
all human actions should be
4:03
investigated and worked through.
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So, if you have
this idea, he says,
4:10
the calculation o probabilities
indicates that it is easier to find
4:16
a genius in one hundred cottages
than in one palace.
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